The concept of governance from the standpoint of psychology and human relations management for the first time identified as "enforcement work with the help of others." Studies conducted by American psychologist Maslow found that the motives of actions people are not economic forces, as did the proponents of scientific management and the various needs that can not be satisfied in cash. The idea was that labor productivity could rise rather than the increase in wages as a result of changes in the relations between workers and managers, improve workers’ satisfaction with their work and relationships in the team. This concept, which received the greatest distribution in 30 – 50-ies, based on the critical situation that the application of interpersonal relationship management techniques to increase workers’ satisfaction with the results of his work is the foundation to increase its productivity.
Modern foreign science of management represented a variety of trends, schools, trends, concepts that are often incompatible with each other. It lacks internal unity, the logical connection. But all these trends, concepts, attitudes distinguishes effort to combine the scientific study of organizational and technical problems of management of individual enterprises to address the root problems of a market economic system: to achieve stability and economic development, to overcome the socio-economic conflicts. Hence the desire to improve the practical value of theoretical research in the field of management, shift management theory in the direction of the practice of management in the development of principles, which allow almost solved in certain conditions, organizational problems. The orientation of theoretical research in the area of production management and other spheres of activity at the level of individual firms has been and remains the fundamental trend in the development of foreign control theory.
At the current stage of critical importance in control theory is the problem of interaction with the environment, taking into account changes in the external environment in the activities of individual companies, targeting the enterprise in the circumstances.
The essence of the concept of adaptation or coping strategies lies in the fact that in real economic life of the strategy of the company – it’s always a combination of the most profitable course of action based on environmental factors, ie, a strategy to maneuver in the allocation and reallocation of production and goods-IU ‘ wait for enterprises located in different countries, depending on the level of production costs, labor costs, economic growth, political stability of the country.
The concept of a global strategy aimed at optimizing the activities of the firm. It focuses on the need for a common strategy to optimize the entire corporation, rather than its individual parts. There are different areas of this concept:
- theory of multiple objectives, with the global strategy aimed at the realization of many goals and denied the maximization of profit as the main objective;
- recognized that the optimization work is carried out in order to maximize profits;
- Optimization of action aimed at obtaining the maximum profit from better adapt the organizational structure to changing conditions (decentralization, coordination);
- optimization of operations carried out by improving the basic functions of governance, in particular, planning (long term).
The concept of task oriented claims that should dominate the role of tselepolaganiya in planning, organization, control and motivation.